Silicones for Maxillofacial Prostheses and Their Modifications in Service

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Dental Materials

Background:

• Silicones possess excellent properties making them indispensable in dentistry and maxillofacial prosthetics.
• Their use spans physiological and aesthetic applications, highlighting their versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review silicone materials used in dentistry and facial prostheses.
• To analyze their properties and degradation under various environmental exposures.
• To identify areas for future research and development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vitro and in vivo studies on silicone degradation.
• Analysis of factors including UV radiation, weathering, biological contamination, and disinfection agents.
• Examination of post-manufacturing alterations like cross-linking and exudation.

Main Results:

• UV radiation is a primary factor in silicone discoloration and mechanical property deterioration.
• Environmental factors, cigarette smoke, and biofilm formation significantly impact prosthesis stability.
• In vitro studies often mimic real-world degradation triggers.

Conclusions:

• Silicones are crucial for maxillofacial prosthetics but require improvements in materials, additives, and surface treatments.
• Addressing biofilm formation and environmental degradation is essential for enhanced prosthesis longevity and patient safety.
• Further research is needed to optimize silicone-based prostheses for long-term clinical performance.