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Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Joseph D Kaleeny1, Jeffrey E Janis1

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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) affects 18.6% of patients in plastic surgery. Early screening and multidisciplinary care are vital for managing BDD challenges in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.

Keywords:
body dysmorphic disordermeta-analysisplastic surgeryprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) significantly complicates aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.
  • Understanding BDD prevalence is critical for optimizing patient care and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the global prevalence of BDD in patients undergoing aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.
  • To identify factors influencing BDD prevalence within this surgical population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of multiple databases identified 999 studies.
  • A meta-analysis of 65 studies (17,107 patients) was performed using a random effects model.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on prevalence data, excluding studies with small sample sizes or unclear diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • The overall estimated prevalence of BDD was 18.6%, with a higher proportion in females (62.9%).
  • Significant variability in prevalence was observed across countries (highest in Brazil) and specialties (lowest in dermatology).
  • No significant association was found between publication year and BDD prevalence rates.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides an updated prevalence estimate of BDD in plastic surgery patients.
  • Proactive screening and integrated, multidisciplinary care are essential for addressing BDD.
  • Further research is needed to understand evolving trends and cultural influences on BDD.