Splenomegaly and Response to Splenectomy in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder affecting patients of all ages and backgrounds. While current standards favor medical therapy in the frontline setting, splenectomy remains an integral part of treatment in refractory cases. Ideal parameters for patient selection for surgery remain elusive. Methods: Data for 40 adult patients undergoing splenectomy for ITP at a large urban center between 1 January 2010 and 1 July 2021 were collected and analyzed. Results: Most patients underwent uneventful laparoscopic splenectomy (95%). Complete or partial response at the time of last follow-up occurred in most patients (92.5%), with 60.0% requiring no additional medical therapy following surgery. Thrombosis was the predominant adverse event and the leading cause of death for two patients. Age and presence of splenomegaly appear to be associated with response to splenectomy. Conclusions: Splenectomy remains an effective therapy for selected patients with ITP. Predictors of positive response to splenectomy, such as younger age and the presence of splenomegaly, may help inform clinicians during patient selection for therapy. With strict attention paid to postoperative thromboprophylaxis, the diminishing use of splenectomy may not be warranted.