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Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV
Laura Hmiel1, Suyu Zhang2, Laventa M Obare3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Abstract:
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
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