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Related Concept Videos

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Analysis of Microglia and Monocyte-derived Macrophages from the Central Nervous System by Flow Cytometry
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Current Knowledge about Nonclassical Monocytes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, a Systematic Review.

Borros Arneth1,2

  • 1Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerst 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nonclassical monocytes are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS) initiation and progression. Understanding their role can improve MS diagnostics, therapies, and disease monitoring.

Keywords:
classical-monocytesintermediate monocytesmultiple sclerosisnon-classical monocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Monocytes are crucial in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
  • Emerging research highlights the significance of monocytes in MS management and therapeutic development.

Approach:

  • This systematic review analyzed studies on nonclassical monocytes in MS and their impact on disease management.
  • Searches included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for human and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) studies from 2014-2024.

Key Points:

  • Nonclassical monocytes can serve as MS biomarkers.
  • They contribute to understanding disease pathology.
  • They aid in developing therapeutic interventions and monitoring disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Monocytes are vital for MS pathophysiology.
  • Consideration of monocytes is essential for advancing MS diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further research into monocyte roles can refine MS management strategies.