Diagnostic Accuracy of Molecular Imaging Techniques for Detecting Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Molecular imaging modalities show valuable non-invasive techniques capable of precisely and selectively addressing molecular markers associated with prostate cancer (PCa). This systematic review provides an overview of imaging markers utilized in positron emission tomography (PET) methods, specifically focusing on the pathways and mediators involved in PCa. This systematic review aims to evaluate and analyse existing literature on the diagnostic accuracy of molecular imaging techniques for detecting PCa. The PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were searched, identifying 32 studies that reported molecular imaging modalities for detecting PCa. Numerous imaging modalities and radiotracers were used to detect PCa, including ⁶⁸Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/computed tomography (CT), ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/MRI, ¹⁸F-choline PET/MRI, and ¹⁸F-fluoroethylcholine PET/MRI. Across 11 studies, radiolabelled ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging had a pooled sensitivity of 80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35-93), specificity of 90 (95% CI: 71-98), and accuracy of 86 (95% CI: 64-96). The PSMA-ligand ⁶⁸Ga-PET/CT showed good diagnostic performance and appears promising for detecting and staging PCa.