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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Published on: March 12, 2014

Perioperative Immunosuppressive Factors during Cancer Surgery: An Updated Review.

Lucillia Bezu^1,2,3,4, Dilara Akçal Öksüz^1,5,6, Max Bell^1,7,8

¹EuroPeriscope, ESA-IC Onco-Anaesthesiology Research Group, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

|July 13, 2024

Summary

Cancer surgery

Keywords:

anesthesia cancer immune factors surgery

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Surgery, while curative for solid tumors, can impair immune function and promote cancer recurrence.
The perioperative period is critical for managing factors like inflammation, malnutrition, and anemia that affect immune response.
Anesthetic agents may influence cancer cell behavior and patient outcomes, though clinical evidence is still developing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review perioperative factors impacting immunomodulation and cancer progression during cancer surgery.
To discuss patient management strategies in the perioperative period for cancer patients.
To highlight the role of anesthetics in cancer surgery outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
Analysis of factors affecting the immune system during the perioperative period.
Discussion of pharmacological and non-pharmacological supportive approaches.

Main Results:

Surgery can induce an immunosuppressive response, potentially favoring tumor recurrence.
Perioperative factors such as malnutrition and anemia can negatively impact immune effectors.
Anesthetics show potential to modulate tumor growth, but clinical data on survival is inconclusive.

Conclusions:

Optimizing the perioperative period is crucial for supporting the immune system and improving cancer outcomes.
Further clinical research is needed to clarify the impact of anesthetic agents on cancer recurrence and survival.
Integrated perioperative management strategies are essential for cancer patients undergoing surgery.