Pulmonary complications following endotracheal intubation for anesthesia in breech extraction

A 28-year-old, healthy pregnant patient developed bilateral pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumoperitoneum following endotracheal intubation and manual ventilation during general anesthesia for breech extraction. It is likely that positive-pressure ventilation was the cause for this very rare combination of complications. Early recognition and treatment may prevent such a catastrophe.