"The truth should not be hidden": Experiences and recommendations of individuals making NPE discoveries through...

Fueled by direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing and genetic-relative finder services, some participants in genetic genealogy databases are making "not parent expected" (NPE) discoveries. To better understand experiences of this phenomenon, we surveyed a large cohort of users of genetic relative finder (GRF) services concerning their experiences after an NPE discovery.

Using thematic analysis, we analyzed responses from a cohort of GRF users (n = 646) to open-ended survey items to understand these experiences and their recommendations for DTC genetic testing companies and other GRF users.

We found that individuals had both positive and negative emotional experiences related to the NPE discovery. Positive aspects included deeper self-understanding, connecting with new family members, and uncovering answers to questions. Negative aspects included rejection by new genetic relatives, inability to seek answers from relatives who had already died, and impairment of family relationships, especially with mothers. For many participants, the challenges after the discovery nevertheless felt worthwhile because the truth was uncovered. Perhaps notably, some participants suggested enhanced warnings prediscovery and improved support after discovery from companies who provide DTC genetic testing services.

GRF services are powerful tools for family research and genealogy. Despite some possible positive and worthwhile experiences arising from making an NPE discovery, GRF users risk dealing with this potentially life-altering experience without adequate support. Participants in this study recommended an increase in resources from DTC genetic testing companies that could help users anticipate and navigate an NPE discovery.