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Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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How Long Does Deep Brain Stimulation Give Patients Benefit?

Esin Bulut1, P Mitchell Johansen2, Alya Elbualy1

  • 1Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers long-term benefits for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia for up to ten years. However, data beyond ten years is limited, highlighting a need for more research on DBS longevity.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationParkinson’s diseasedevicesdystoniaessential tremorimplantable pulse generatorlongevity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurological Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a common query for patients regarding treatment duration.
  • Physicians require guidance on DBS system longevity and therapeutic efficacy.
  • A scoping review was conducted to assess existing literature and identify knowledge gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current literature on the longevity of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy.
  • To identify how long DBS system components and efficacy are maintained for various neurological disorders.
  • To determine the extent of available data on DBS outcomes beyond ten years.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive MEDLINE search was performed from January 1987 to June 2023.
  • Included human and modeling studies in English with a mean follow-up of at least three years.
  • Two reviewers screened 734 articles, ultimately reviewing 122 for data on DBS system functionality and therapeutic efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia show sustained motor benefits for seven to ten years, though improvement diminishes.
  • Stimulation-off scores indicate disease progression in PD and ET.
  • Battery life is variable, dependent on disease and programming; literature beyond ten years is scarce.

Conclusions:

  • Existing data on DBS longevity is limited, particularly for outcomes exceeding ten years.
  • Physicians with long-term patient data (over ten years) are encouraged to publish their findings.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term performance and efficacy of DBS systems.