Statins for the Primary Prevention of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review

The aim of this review is two-fold: (1) To examine the mechanisms by which statins may protect from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and (2) To provide a comprehensive overview of the existing clinical literature investigating the role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

The underlying cardioprotective mechanisms associated with statins have not been fully elucidated. Key mechanisms related to the inhibition of Ras homologous (Rho) GTPases have been proposed. Data from observational studies has supported the beneficial role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Recently, several randomized controlled trials investigating the role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity have produced contrasting results. Statins have been associated with a lower risk of cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Further investigation with larger randomized control trials and longer follow-up periods are needed to better evaluate the long-term role of statin therapy and identify the subgroups who benefit most from statin therapy.