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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

Drawing mitochondrial genomes with circularMT.

Simon J Goodman¹, Ian M Carr²

¹School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|July 13, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New software, circularMT and circularMT-console, generates high-quality mitochondrial genome maps for phylogenomic studies. These tools visualize gene order and strand orientation, aiding in the characterization of mitochondrial genome assemblies.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for phylogeographic and phylogenetic research across diverse organisms.
Advancements in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics enable whole mitochondrial genome analysis, especially for species-rich taxa.
Characterizing de novo mitochondrial genome assemblies requires evaluating structural rearrangements against reference taxa.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the need for accessible tools to visualize mitochondrial genome structure.
To present circularMT and circularMT-console for generating high-quality mitochondrial genome maps.
To facilitate the integration of genome map visualization into analysis pipelines.

Main Methods:

Development of circularMT and circularMT-console applications.
Implementation in C#.
Provision of binaries, source code, and user guides on GitHub.

Main Results:

Creation of customizable, publication-quality images of linear and circular mitochondrial genome maps.
Development of tools for visualizing gene and noncoding feature complement, order, and strand orientation.
Enabling individual or integrated analysis pipeline use of genome maps.

Conclusions:

circularMT and circularMT-console provide essential visualization capabilities for mitochondrial genome analysis.
These tools enhance the characterization of mitochondrial genome assemblies and structural rearrangements.
The software supports phylogenomic studies by offering accessible, high-quality genome mapping solutions.