Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

770
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
770
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

6.3K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.3K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

4.5K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.5K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

9.1K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.1K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

886
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
886
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

6.5K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Aeromonad selectively removes a class of pathogens from shrimp, prevents disease and preserves a healthy commensal microbiome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Structural basis of multimodal adsorption and infection initiation by <i>Vibrio</i> phage Peru-2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pandemic Vibrio cholerae and the Environmental Reservoir Hypothesis-Outstanding Questions Central to Global Cholera Control.

Environmental microbiology·2026
Same author

Actuation of CRP activating region 3 by acetylation modulates <i>V. cholerae</i> sugar utilization and virulence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A family of lethal exotoxins defined by cell entry via the Attractin receptor.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Natural directed evolution in gut microbiota.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells
09:15

Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells

Published on: October 20, 2022

2.2K

DdmABC-dependent death triggered by viral palindromic DNA sequences.

William P Robins1, Bradley T Meader1, Jonida Toska1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Reports
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified the Lamassu DdmABC system in Vibrio cholerae, which triggers cell death upon detecting viral DNA. This defense mechanism activates when foreign DNA forms stem-loop structures, offering insights into bacterial immunity.

Keywords:
CP: Cell biologyCP: Molecular biologyDNA restrictionV. choleraeabortive infectionbacteriophagesphage defensephage restrictionplasmid restrictionviral defense

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.2K
Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death
13:54

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death

Published on: October 21, 2012

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells
09:15

Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells

Published on: October 20, 2022

2.2K
Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.2K
Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death
13:54

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death

Published on: October 21, 2012

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial genetics
  • Innate immunity

Background:

  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic innate immunity mechanisms are crucial for defense against pathogens.
  • Molecular signals activating many defense systems, particularly those involving cell death, remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Vibrio cholerae possesses defense systems that respond to foreign genetic elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a cell density-dependent death (CDD) system in Vibrio cholerae.
  • To identify the molecular signals that activate this defense system.
  • To elucidate the role of the Lamassu DdmABC system in bacterial defense.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae strains.
  • DNA sequence analysis to identify trigger motifs.
  • Experimental validation of DNA structures and their effect on CDD.

Main Results:

  • The Lamassu DdmABC system is identified as the key component responsible for CDD.
  • Palindromic DNA sequences forming stem-loop hairpins in phages and plasmids trigger CDD.
  • DNA-damaging agents also activate DdmABC, inhibiting cell growth.

Conclusions:

  • The DdmABC system acts as an anti-phage and anti-plasmid defense mechanism in Vibrio cholerae.
  • Foreign DNA structures, specifically stem-loop hairpins, are identified as potent activators.
  • This abortive infection system can be triggered by DNA damage during infection or replication, leading to cell death.