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Related Concept Videos

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

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Absolute-judgment models better predict eyewitness decision-making than do relative-judgment models.

Andrew M Smith1, Rebecca C Ying1, Alexandria R Goldstein1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, United States.

Cognition
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Witnesses making identification decisions rely more on absolute memory strength than relative comparisons. Absolute judgment models better explain witness behavior in lineup identification tasks.

Keywords:
Absolute judgmentEyewitness lineupEyewitness memoryMemoryRelative judgmentSignal detection theory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Eyewitness Testimony

Background:

  • Witnesses identify suspects from lineups and provide confidence judgments.
  • Two main models explain this process: absolute-judgment and relative-judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically test the predictions of absolute-judgment and relative-judgment models of witness identification.
  • To determine which model better accounts for witness decision-making and confidence.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Compared witness rejection of low-similarity vs. high-similarity lineups.
  • Experiment 2: Compared witness rejection of biased vs. fair lineups.
  • Analyzed identification decisions and confidence judgments in both experiments.

Main Results:

  • Witnesses more accurately rejected low-similarity and biased lineups, as predicted by absolute-judgment models.
  • Confidence in rejecting lineups was higher for low-similarity and biased lineups.
  • A single finding supported relative-judgment models: higher confidence in suspect identification from biased lineups.

Conclusions:

  • Absolute-judgment models provide a better framework for understanding witness identification decisions and confidence.
  • Pure relative-judgment models appear unviable in explaining witness behavior.