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Human gene therapy: scientific and ethical considerations.

W F Anderson

    The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gene therapy involves four applications of genetic engineering. Somatic cell gene therapy is simplest, with trials imminent, while germ line therapy requires more research and ethical debate.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology
    • Medical Ethics
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Gene therapy utilizes genetic engineering for gene insertion in humans.
    • Four distinct types of gene therapy applications exist, each with unique scientific and ethical considerations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the scientific requirements and ethical issues of different gene therapy applications.
    • To propose criteria for the ethical implementation of germ line gene therapy.
    • To address the ethical implications of enhancement and eugenic genetic engineering.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of scientific requirements for gene insertion techniques.
    • Analysis of ethical considerations for somatic, germ line, enhancement, and eugenic genetic engineering.
    • Development of ethical guidelines for germ line gene therapy.

    Main Results:

    • Somatic cell gene therapy is the most straightforward and least ethically contentious, with clinical trials anticipated soon.
    • Germ line gene therapy necessitates significant scientific advancement and presents complex ethical debates.
    • Enhancement genetic engineering raises profound ethical concerns, warranting restriction to preventive medicine applications.
    • Eugenic genetic engineering is currently infeasible and likely to remain so.

    Conclusions:

    • Somatic gene therapy is poised for near-term clinical application.
    • Ethical frameworks are crucial for advancing germ line gene therapy.
    • Restrictions on enhancement and eugenic genetic engineering are ethically advised.
    Keywords:
    Analytical ApproachGenetics and Reproduction

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