Targeting aging with urolithin A in humans: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Human Metabolism
• Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

• Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolite of ellagic acid produced by gut bacteria.
• Aging is associated with increased inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
• UA has shown potential health benefits in preclinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the geroprotective effects of Urolithin A in human studies.
• To evaluate the impact of UA on inflammation, mitochondrial function, and physical performance.
• To assess the safety and tolerability of UA supplementation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of five studies involving 250 healthy individuals.
• Intervention durations ranged from 28 days to 4 months.
• UA dosages varied from 10 to 1000 mg/day.

Main Results:

• UA demonstrated a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect.
• Upregulation of mitochondrial genes, autophagy markers, and fatty acid oxidation was observed.
• Improvements in muscle strength and endurance were noted, but no significant changes in anthropometrics, cardiovascular outcomes, or physical function.
• No impact on mitochondrial ATP production, biogenesis, dynamics, or gut microbiota composition.
• Adverse events were mild to moderate.

Conclusions:

• Urolithin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and enhances muscle strength and endurance in humans.
• UA does not appear to influence key aspects of mitochondrial function or gut microbiota.
• Further investigation with longer intervention periods and broader physiological assessments is warranted to fully elucidate UA's geroprotective potential.