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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

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Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Weir01:24

Weir

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A weir is a hydraulic structure designed to partially obstruct an open channel, enabling precise control and measurement of water flow. By forcing water to flow over or through it, a weir allows for accurate determination of discharge rates, making it an essential tool in water resource management. These structures are extensively used in regulating river flows, irrigation systems, and flood control channels.Types of Weirs and Their FeaturesWeirs are categorized primarily into sharp-crested and...
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The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

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The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
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Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Application of the Energy Equation01:04

Application of the Energy Equation

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The application of the energy equation to centrifugal pumps is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and engineering. In this scenario, the energy equation is used to calculate the flow rate of a centrifugal pump responsible for transferring water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The pump applies an energy input of 7500 joules per second, and the vertical difference between the lower and upper reservoirs is 10 meters. Additionally, the head loss due to friction and other...
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Interconnection between renewable energy technologies and water treatment processes.

Paula Jungwon Choi1, Jechan Lee1, Am Jang1

  • 1Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.

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Renewable energy integration in water treatment offers climate change mitigation. Technologies like reverse osmosis and membrane distillation show lower energy consumption, enhancing sustainable water management.

Keywords:
Alternative energyCarbon neutralityHybrid systemSustainable processWater-energy nexus

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Energy Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Growing concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand drive policy shifts towards renewable energy utilization.
  • Renewable energy technologies are increasingly explored for direct application in water desalination and treatment processes.
  • Conventional desalination methods often exhibit higher production capacities but also higher specific energy consumption compared to renewable-driven alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of renewable-energy-based water-energy nexus approaches.
  • To discuss the effectiveness and potential of integrating renewable energy in water treatment and desalination.
  • To identify future research directions for enhancing renewable energy efficiency in water processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of direct application of renewable energy in membrane-based (reverse osmosis, membrane distillation) and thermal-based (multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation) desalination.
  • Analysis of biofuel production from algae, linked to wastewater bioremediation and nutrient removal.
  • Examination of salinity gradient power generation (pressure-retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis) from desalination brine and freshwater.

Main Results:

  • Renewable-energy-based desalination processes, while potentially having lower initial capacities, demonstrate lower specific energy consumption than conventional methods.
  • Algae cultivation for biofuel production offers co-benefits of wastewater treatment, including nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
  • Salinity gradient power presents an additional avenue for energy recovery from desalination byproducts.

Conclusions:

  • The renewable-energy-based water-energy nexus holds significant potential for climate change mitigation and sustainable water management.
  • Further research is crucial to optimize renewable energy production and its integration into various water treatment processes.
  • The findings offer insights for scientists and policymakers aiming to enhance the efficiency and implementation of sustainable water-energy solutions.