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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Identifying subgroups of urge suppression in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder using machine learning.

Goi Khia Eng1, Alessandro S De Nadai2, Katherine A Collins3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA; Clinical Research Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, 10962, USA.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|July 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows subgroups with varying urge suppression. One subgroup with more blink failures had higher sensory issues and distinct brain activity, suggesting personalized treatment targets.

Keywords:
Interoceptive sensitivityObsessive-compulsive disorderSensory phenomenaSubgroupsUrges-for-actionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by phenomenological heterogeneity.
  • Current models often overlook sensory phenomena and interoceptive sensitivity in OCD compulsions.
  • Previous research indicated heightened interoceptive sensitivity and sensorimotor region activation in OCD patients during urge suppression tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity of urge suppression failure in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To examine the relationship between urge suppression variability, clinical characteristics, and neural activation in OCD.
  • To identify potential subgroups within OCD based on urge suppression performance.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-two OCD patients and 38 controls performed an fMRI task involving eyeblink suppression.
  • Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups based on erroneous blinks during suppression.
  • Subgroups were compared on behavioral, clinical, and neuroimaging data.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct OCD subgroups emerged based on blink suppression errors.
  • The subgroup with the most errors showed higher sensory phenomena severity, interoceptive sensitivity, and urge intensity.
  • This subgroup displayed increased somatosensory/interoceptive activation early in suppression and reduced middle frontal gyrus activity later.

Conclusions:

  • Urge suppression in OCD is heterogeneous and linked to specific clinical features and brain function.
  • Distinct subgroups within OCD may require tailored therapeutic approaches.
  • Findings suggest potential neurobiological targets for personalized OCD treatments.