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The application of the energy equation to centrifugal pumps is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and engineering. In this scenario, the energy equation is used to calculate the flow rate of a centrifugal pump responsible for transferring water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The pump applies an energy input of 7500 joules per second, and the vertical difference between the lower and upper reservoirs is 10 meters. Additionally, the head loss due to friction and other...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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Quantifying the Association between Pump Use and Breastfeeding Duration.

Deanna Nardella1, Maureen Canavan2, Mona Sharifi1

  • 1National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|July 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breast pump use is linked to longer breastfeeding duration, especially for non-Hispanic Black and Native American mothers. This finding highlights the importance of pump access in addressing breastfeeding inequities.

Keywords:
breast pumpsbreastfeedinghealth equitylactationmaternal and child healthnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Breastfeeding is crucial for infant and maternal health.
  • Socioeconomic and racial disparities exist in breastfeeding duration.
  • Breast pump use is a potential factor influencing breastfeeding continuation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between breast pump use and breastfeeding duration.
  • To examine if this association differs across racial and ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of weighted data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2016-2021).
  • Included mothers who initiated breastfeeding with complete data on pump use and duration.
  • Cox proportional hazard regression used to analyze breastfeeding cessation and median duration.

Main Results:

  • Breast pump use was associated with a 37% lower hazard of breastfeeding cessation and 21 additional weeks of breastfeeding.
  • Mothers with lower socioeconomic status, younger age, and non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity reported less pump use.
  • The association between pump use and reduced breastfeeding cessation was strongest among non-Hispanic Black and Native American mothers.

Conclusions:

  • Breast pump use is significantly associated with longer breastfeeding duration.
  • The positive impact of pump use on breastfeeding duration is most pronounced in racial/ethnic groups facing breastfeeding inequities.
  • Further research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms and contextual factors influencing pump use and breastfeeding outcomes.