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Endocarditis Caused by Coxiella burnetii: A Case Report in Western Iran

Shahla Afrasiabian1, Saber Esmaeili2,3, Katayon Hajibagheri4

  • 1Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
|July 15, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Q fever, a tick-borne illness caused by Coxiella burnetii, can lead to endocarditis, particularly in patients with prosthetic valves. Early diagnosis and awareness are crucial for effective management of this zoonotic disease.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium.
  • Ticks are vectors for Coxiella burnetii transmission.
  • Chronic Q fever commonly results in endocarditis, especially affecting prosthetic heart valves.

Observation:

  • A case of Q fever endocarditis is presented in a 67-year-old female patient.
  • The patient had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and aortic valve replacement surgery.
  • Echocardiography revealed a vegetation on the patient's implanted aortic valve.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of endocarditis was confirmed to be caused by Coxiella burnetii.
  • This case highlights Coxiella burnetii as a cause of culture-negative endocarditis.

Implications:

  • Q fever is a significant cause of culture-negative endocarditis in Iran.
  • Increased clinical suspicion and healthcare system attention are needed for Q fever diagnosis and management in Iran.
  • This underscores the importance of considering zoonotic infections in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Keywords:
Coxiella burnetiiEndocarditisIranKurdistanQ fever

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