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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Hydrocarbon Formation from Syngas with In-Operando Monitoring of Cobalt- and Manganese-Based (pre)Catalysts Using

Ravneet K Bhullar¹, Wenqian Xu², Michael J Zdilla¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19086, United States.

|July 15, 2024

Summary

Two-layered metal oxides were tested as precatalysts for cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. LiCoO2 showed higher conversion, while cobalt-doped birnessite yielded a high olefin-to-paraffin ratio.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is crucial for converting syngas into hydrocarbons.
Developing efficient precatalysts is key to optimizing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst performance.
Nanoconfined cobalt-based catalysts offer unique properties for syngas conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore two-layered metal oxides, LiCoO2 and cobalt-doped KxMnO2, as precatalysts for nanoconfined cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.
To investigate the structural transformations and catalytic activity of these precatalysts during syngas conversion.
To compare the performance of LiCoO2 and cobalt-doped birnessite precatalysts in terms of conversion and product selectivity.

Main Methods:

Ex situ, in situ, and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were employed.
In situ XRD was used to monitor the structural evolution of precatalysts under reaction conditions.
Syngas conversion experiments were conducted to evaluate catalytic performance.

Main Results:

LiCoO2 precatalyst reduced to cobalt metal phases, forming carbon, cobalt carbide, and lithium carbonate upon reaction with syngas.
Cobalt-doped birnessite transformed to manganite and cobalt metal, with similar byproduct formation.
LiCoO2 precatalyst demonstrated higher overall syngas conversion but a low olefin-to-paraffin ratio.
Cobalt-doped birnessite showed lower conversion but a significantly high olefin-to-paraffin ratio (up to 20:1).

Conclusions:

Both LiCoO2 and cobalt-doped birnessite function as effective precatalysts for cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.
Precatalyst choice influences the balance between overall conversion and olefin selectivity.
Cobalt-doped birnessite is a promising precatalyst for producing high-olefin hydrocarbon products.