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Toxoplasmosis in the outer retina.

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Summary

Ocular toxoplasmosis can cause vision loss, but prompt treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and prednisolone led to full recovery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) identified huge outer retinal cysts (HORC) as a key diagnostic sign.

Keywords:
ocular inflammationoptical coherence tomographytoxoplasmosisuveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ocular toxoplasmosis is a significant cause of vision impairment.
  • Recurrent cases can lead to progressive retinal damage and scarring.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old female presented with decreased vision and a history of ocular toxoplasmosis.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed huge outer retinal cysts (HORC) with specific morphological features.
  • Signs of retinitis and scarring were noted in later stages.

Findings:

  • Treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and prednisolone resulted in complete regression of symptoms.
  • Visual acuity improved to 1.0 (BCVA), and OCT findings remained stable for six months.
  • HORC were identified as pathognomonic for posterior uveitis on OCT.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis are crucial for vision preservation.
  • OCT is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring ocular toxoplasmosis, particularly identifying HORC.
  • Effective management can prevent long-term vision loss from retinitis and scarring.