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The Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Its Symptoms in Preterm Neonates in the First 24 Hours

Jehanzeb Khan1, Qazi Muhammad Safwan2, Hanadi Shad1

  • 1Pediatric Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PAK.

Cureus
|July 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Hypoglycemia affects over 30% of preterm infants within 24 hours. Early monitoring is vital, especially for those born before 32 weeks gestation or weighing under 2 kg.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Perinatal medicine

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is a significant risk in neonatal intensive care, especially for premature infants.
  • Understanding the incidence and risk factors for early-onset hypoglycemia in preterm neonates is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in preterm infants within the first 24 hours of life.
  • To analyze the association between hypoglycemia and gestational age, birth weight, and gender in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 186 preterm infants was conducted between February and August 2021.
  • Data included demographic details, blood glucose levels, and observed symptoms, with consecutive sampling used for participant selection.

Main Results:

  • 31.7% of preterm neonates experienced hypoglycemia within 24 hours, with feeding refusal as the most common symptom.
  • Hypoglycemia was significantly more prevalent in infants born before 32 weeks gestation (p<0.05).
  • Lower birth weight (under 2 kg) correlated with increased hypoglycemia risk; males showed a slightly higher, though not statistically significant, incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and management of hypoglycemia are critical for preterm infants.
  • Intensive monitoring during the first four hours of life is recommended to prevent adverse outcomes.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is needed to refine understanding and management strategies for neonatal hypoglycemia.

Keywords:
cross-sectionalglucose metabolismhypoglycemia workuplow birth weightneonatal hypoglycemiapreterm neonate

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