Antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumors: a new frontier
Salvador Jaime-Casas1, Regina Barragan-Carrillo, Abhishek Tripathi
1Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to carry cytotoxic payloads and deliver them to specific molecular targets within tumor cells. Several ADCs are already approved with many more in development across several disease types. In this review, we will provide an overview of the ADCs currently approved and those under investigation in solid tumors.
Recent Findings:
Currently there are dozens of ADCs under clinical study evaluation of a variety of solid tumors, and preliminary results are promising. Multiple ADCs have received regulatory approval in disease such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and bladder cancer. While some are approved in biomarker selected settings with disease specific indication (e.g. breast cancer), others have been approved irrespective of biomarker expression (urothelial carcinoma) and pan-cancer indications in biomarker selected patients (HER2 3+ expression).
Summary:
Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the mainstay of systemic treatment for patients with various solid tumors. ADCs offer the advantage of carrying the cytotoxic payload onto a specific molecular receptor, thereby inducing a more selective response. Optimizing selection of target antigen, payload delivery and investigating biomarkers of response will be crucial for further expanding the therapeutic benefit of ADCs across solid tumors.
Insights
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer targeted cancer therapy by delivering cytotoxic payloads. This review covers approved and investigational ADCs for solid tumors, showing promising results and expanding treatment options.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a targeted approach to cancer treatment.
- ADCs deliver cytotoxic payloads directly to tumor cells, minimizing systemic toxicity.
- Numerous ADCs are in development and clinical use for various cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of ADCs approved and under investigation for solid tumors.
- To highlight the current landscape and future directions of ADC therapy in oncology.
Main Methods:
- Review of currently approved ADCs.
- Analysis of ADCs in clinical investigation for solid tumors.
- Examination of regulatory approvals and biomarker selection criteria.
Main Results:
- Dozens of ADCs are in clinical evaluation for solid tumors with promising preliminary outcomes.
- Approved ADCs target breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and bladder cancer.
- Approvals include biomarker-selected and pan-cancer indications, with some independent of biomarker expression.
Conclusions:
- ADCs provide a more selective alternative to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy.
- Optimizing target antigen selection, payload delivery, and response biomarkers is key to expanding ADC efficacy.
- Further research will enhance the therapeutic benefits of ADCs across diverse solid tumors.
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