[Sjögren's disease: From pathophysiology to treatment]

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology and Immunology
• Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

• Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with hallmark symptoms of dryness, pain, and fatigue, impacting nearly all patients.
• Extra-glandular manifestations affect a significant portion of SjD patients, highlighting the systemic nature of the disease.
• Recent advancements have improved understanding of SjD epidemiology, classification, and systemic activity assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on systemic therapies for Sjögren's disease.
• To summarize advances in outcome assessment for SjD.
• To discuss targeted therapies, particularly those focusing on B lymphocyte pathways, and emerging treatments in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advancements in Sjögren's disease research.
• Analysis of current evidence for targeted disease-modifying therapies and biologic drugs.
• Overview of ongoing clinical trials for novel SjD therapeutics.

Main Results:

• New drugs targeting specific pathophysiological pathways, especially B lymphocyte activation, have demonstrated efficacy in Phase 2 trials.
• Advances in outcome assessment provide more precise methods for evaluating SjD systemic activity and patient symptoms.
• Several promising novel therapies are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials.

Conclusions:

• The therapeutic landscape for Sjögren's disease is expanding with targeted systemic therapies.
• Focus on B lymphocyte pathways represents a significant advancement in SjD treatment.
• Ongoing trials are crucial for validating new treatment options and improving patient outcomes.