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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Detection of the pH-dependent Activity of Escherichia coli Chaperone HdeB In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: October 23, 2016
Periplasmic Chaperones: Outer Membrane Biogenesis and Envelope Stress
Ashton N Combs1, Thomas J Silhavy1
1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA;
Abstract:
Envelope biogenesis and homeostasis in gram-negative bacteria are exceptionally intricate processes that require a multitude of periplasmic chaperones to ensure cellular survival. Remarkably, these chaperones perform diverse yet specialized functions entirely in the absence of external energy such as ATP, and as such have evolved sophisticated mechanisms by which their activities are regulated. In this article, we provide an overview of the predominant periplasmic chaperones that enable efficient outer membrane biogenesis and envelope homeostasis in Escherichia coli. We also discuss stress responses that act to combat unfolded protein stress within the cell envelope, highlighting the periplasmic chaperones involved and the mechanisms by which envelope homeostasis is restored.
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