Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

53.1K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.1K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.0K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.0K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.7K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.7K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

565
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
565

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward Optimizing Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Cortical Modulation: A Surrogate Brain Approach.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pyridyl Radical-Induced Catalytic Reconstruction of Cyclic Sulfides.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Traversing the ancient Overland Silk Road: Insights from domestic camel paleogenomics in Xi'an, China.

Zoological research·2026
Same author

Role of Brain Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae·2026
Same author

Integrated DNA Repair Capacity and NER Gene Expression for Improving Risk Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Current medical science·2026
Same author

Structure-Constrained Regression Network for Efficient and Topology-Guaranteed Retinal Layer Segmentation in OCT Images.

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K

Orientation selectivity mapping in the visual cortex.

Mei-Lan Liu1, Yi-Peng Liu2, Xin-Xia Guo2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

Progress in Neurobiology
|July 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Accurate orientation maps in the visual cortex are crucial. This study reveals that large stimuli and specific processing methods enhance map quality, improving our understanding of visual processing.

Keywords:
Deep learningDiffusion modelIntrinsic signal optical imagingMacaque monkeyMixed SF stimuliOrientation map

More Related Videos

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging
11:24

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

13.6K
Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K
Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging
11:24

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

13.6K
Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Cortex Research
  • Functional Brain Mapping

Background:

  • Orientation maps are fundamental to visual cortex function but vary in clarity across studies.
  • Inconsistent imaging and experimental design introduce inaccuracies in depicting cortical structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of spatial frequency, stimulus size, location, chromaticity, and processing methods on orientation functional maps.
  • To optimize the acquisition of accurate orientation maps in dorsal V4 and V1.
  • To understand the neural basis of orientation selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Intrinsic signal optical imaging was used to acquire orientation maps.
  • Various stimulus parameters (spatial frequency, size, chromaticity) and data processing techniques were tested.
  • A diffusion model-based image enhancement was applied.

Main Results:

  • Large grating stimuli with mixed spatial frequency components are recommended for large-field orientation mapping.
  • Diffusion model enhancement significantly improves orientation map quality.
  • Achromatic and chromatic gratings yield similar results, suggesting cue-invariant processing.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized stimulus selection and data processing are essential for accurate orientation map generation.
  • The findings provide a framework for improving the quality and reliability of visual cortex functional mapping.
  • Cue-invariant orientation selectivity arises from pooled inputs in V1.