Outcomes Analysis of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Tumors Other Than Metastatic Colorectal Cancer from the...

To characterize the response and survival outcomes of yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for unresectable, liver-dominant metastases from primary neoplasms other than colorectal carcinoma.

This study included 1,474 patients enrolled in the Radiation-Emitting Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR)-Spheres in Nonresectable Liver Tumor registry who received resin ⁹⁰Y-TARE as part of their oncologic management for unresectable primary or secondary liver tumors (NCT02685631). Of these patients, 33% (481/1,474) were treated for liver metastases of noncolorectal origin (m-non-CRC) compared with 34% (497/1,474) treated for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and 34% (496/1,474) treated for hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment response and cancer survival probabilities were computed and compared for each primary cancer type. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare survival outcomes.

Radiological responses were observed in 12 unique cancer types, mostly heavily pretreated malignancies refractory to multiple lines of systemic therapies. The overall use of resin ⁹⁰Y-TARE in m-non-CRC resulted in better treatment outcomes in terms of duration of response, progression-free survival, time to progression, and overall survival (P = .04, P = .02, P = .01, and P = .04, respectively). Analyses of cancer cell types revealed that metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, sarcoma, and ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers were associated with superior treatment outcomes, whereas worse treatment outcomes were observed in metastatic lung, gastric, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers.

Real-world data demonstrate the use of resin ⁹⁰Y-TARE in m-non-CRC refractory to standard chemotherapy. For some cell types, this expanded use achieved superior treatment outcomes relative to the reference standard of mCRC, suggesting the need for inquiry into broadened indications for ⁹⁰Y-TARE.