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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Introducing New GRAPPA Projects.

Denis Poddubnyy1, Gary J Macfarlane2, Oliver FitzGerald3

  • 1D. Poddubnyy, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two new projects were presented at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) meeting. One aims to improve psoriatic arthritis diagnosis, and the other will offer an epidemiology training module.

Keywords:
GRAPPAdiagnosiseducationpsoriasispsoriatic arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Clinical Research Methodology

Background:

  • The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) facilitates collaborative research.
  • Annual meetings serve as a platform for project idea generation and feedback.
  • Previous work has led to new project proposals for advancing psoriatic disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and gain support for novel research projects within the psoriatic disease community.
  • To introduce a project focused on enhancing the early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
  • To announce the development of an epidemiology training module for GRAPPA clinicians and trainees.

Main Methods:

  • A project proposal comparing physician-based versus patient questionnaire-based approaches for early psoriatic arthritis diagnosis was presented.
  • A plan for an epidemiology training module to be delivered before the 2024 GRAPPA annual meeting was approved.
  • Feedback and support were sought for the proposed diagnostic improvement project.

Main Results:

  • The psoriatic arthritis diagnostic improvement project received backing from the GRAPPA research committee.
  • The epidemiology training module project was approved by GRAPPA.
  • Additional funding will be necessary for the diagnostic improvement project.

Conclusions:

  • The presented projects signify advancements in psoriatic arthritis research and education.
  • The early diagnosis project requires further funding to proceed.
  • The epidemiology training module is expected to enhance the quality of psoriatic disease research.