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Physical Activity Interventions Framed by the Health Action Process Approach for Adults with Long-Term Conditions: A

Amy L Silva-Smith1, Coral L Hanson2,3, Lis Neubeck2,3

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Summary

The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model shows promise for physical activity (PA) interventions. This review found variability in how HAPA variables are used, making comparisons difficult and highlighting a need for clearer reporting in research.

Keywords:
Health action process approachInterventionLong-term conditionsPhysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Health psychology
  • Intervention research

Background:

  • The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model is recognized for its potential in promoting physical activity (PA).
  • Existing research shows limited understanding of how HAPA variables are operationalized in chronic disease interventions for sustained PA.
  • Clarity is needed on whether the phase or continuous HAPA model is employed in PA interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review describing the operationalization of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model variables in physical activity (PA) interventions.
  • To detail the implementation strategies and characteristics of these interventions.
  • To identify the physical activity measures and outcome effects reported in the literature.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of five databases was conducted for studies published between January 1992 and March 2024.
  • The review focused on intervention characteristics (setting, delivery, duration, content), operationalized HAPA variables and strategies, and PA measures/outcomes.
  • Data synthesis aimed to describe the heterogeneity in HAPA model application within PA interventions.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-three interventions across 30 papers were identified, including protocols, quasi-experimental studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Seven of fifteen RCTs reported significant positive effects of HAPA-based interventions on PA behavior.
  • A wide variability was observed in the number of HAPA constructs operationalized (3-9), impacting intervention comparability, with diverse PA measurement tools used.

Conclusions:

  • A significant lack of clarity exists regarding the selection and operationalization of HAPA constructs in PA interventions.
  • The substantial variability in applied HAPA constructs hinders the direct comparison of intervention effectiveness.
  • Enhanced transparency in intervention design and implementation reporting is crucial for future research and practical application.