Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the uterus with unexpected manifestations: a case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Lymphoid neoplasms encompass Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
• Extranodal NHL occurs in 25% of primary cases, commonly affecting the skin and gastrointestinal tract.
• Primary NHL of the female genital tract is exceptionally rare, with most cases involving the cervix or vagina, not the uterine corpus.

Observation:

• A 48-year-old woman presented with severe abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, and urinary retention.
• Imaging revealed a large uterine mass, enlarged lymph nodes, and pleural effusion.
• Histopathology confirmed primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the female genital tract.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving multiple sites within her genital tract.
• Laboratory tests showed low hemoglobin and elevated cancer antigen 125.
• Radiological findings included a uterine mass, enlarged pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes, and right-sided pleural effusion.

Implications:

• Early consideration of primary female genital tract lymphoma is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the specific pathology and establish diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
• Prompt diagnosis and management of rare extranodal lymphomas can significantly improve patient prognoses.