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Preservatives for postmortem brain tissue in biomechanical testing: A pilot study.

Ann Mallory1,2, Alaine Wetli3, Lucas M Neuroth4

  • 1National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle Research and Test Center, Applied Biomechanics Division, East Liberty, Ohio, USA.

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|July 16, 2024
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Summary

This study investigated preservatives for postmortem human subject (PMHS) brain tissue. Sodium bicarbonate showed promise in reducing tissue breakdown during biomechanical testing, maintaining tissue properties for injury research.

Keywords:
antibioticsantimicrobialbiomechanicsbrain tissue stiffnesssodium bicarbonatestorage temperaturetissue preservatives

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Postmortem human subject (PMHS) studies are crucial for understanding brain injury mechanisms in motor vehicle accidents.
  • Postmortem tissue degradation compromises the accuracy of biomechanical testing, limiting its relevance to in vivo conditions.
  • Developing effective preservation methods is essential to maintain the integrity of brain tissue for research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of different preservative solutions in mitigating postmortem brain tissue degradation.
  • To identify potential preservatives that can maintain the mechanical properties of brain tissue for biomechanical analysis.
  • To inform future research on improving the reliability of PMHS data in brain injury studies.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative assessment of tissue breakdown in brain samples stored in various artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) solutions at 10°C.
  • Compressive stiffness testing of brain tissue samples immediately after harvest and after 24-hour storage in different ACSF solutions.
  • Statistical analysis using multiple linear regression to compare tissue stiffness based on storage solution and harvest location.

Main Results:

  • Samples stored in ACSF with both antibiotics/antifungals and sodium bicarbonate exhibited less qualitative tissue breakdown.
  • Brain tissue stored for 24 hours in ACSF or ACSF with antibiotics/antifungals showed significantly reduced stiffness compared to fresh samples.
  • Tissue stored in ACSF solutions containing sodium bicarbonate maintained stiffness comparable to immediately harvested samples.
  • No significant difference in stiffness was found between frontal and parietal lobe samples.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium bicarbonate shows potential as a preservative to reduce postmortem brain tissue deterioration during biomechanical testing.
  • Preserving brain tissue properties is vital for enhancing the understanding of brain injury mechanisms and head injury tolerance.
  • Further research is warranted to evaluate sodium bicarbonate's effectiveness under varied conditions and in whole-head testing.