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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Hearing, Balance, and Mortality: Sex-Specific Patterns in a Longitudinal Study.

Jan E Berge1, Geir A Nilsen1, Frederik K Goplen1,2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|July 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hearing loss is linked to increased mortality in men but not women. This study highlights sex-specific differences in the association between hearing and death from all causes and cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
Hearingcardiovasculardizzinessgendermortalitypostural balancesex

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology and Otolaryngology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hearing impairment is a growing public health concern.
  • Sex-specific differences in health outcomes are increasingly recognized.
  • The relationship between hearing loss, mortality, and cardiovascular disease requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between hearing threshold and sex-specific overall mortality.
  • To evaluate the link between hearing threshold and acute cardiovascular disease death.
  • To determine if postural balance modulates these associations.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study was conducted involving 1036 patients from an academic hospital's otolaryngology department.
  • Audiometry and stabilometry were performed, with hearing threshold calculated from pure tone averages.
  • Mortality data were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry over a 26-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • A 10 dB increase in hearing threshold was associated with a 14% increase in overall mortality in men (HR 1.02-1.28, P=.02), but not in women (HR 0.92-1.15, P=.60).
  • For acute cardiovascular death, a 10 dB hearing threshold increase showed a 57% higher hazard ratio in men (HR 1.21-2.05, P<.001), with no significant association in women (P=.71).
  • Adjusting for postural balance did not alter the observed associations between hearing and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing threshold is significantly associated with overall mortality and acute cardiovascular death in men.
  • No significant association was found between hearing threshold and mortality in women.
  • The study underscores the importance of considering sex-specific differences in audiological research and clinical practice.