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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing

Published on: January 6, 2023

Epicardial Pacemaker Causing Cardiac Strangulation.

Scott Kendall^1,2, Rihab Agouba¹, Andrew Sands¹

¹Paediatric Cardiology Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

|July 16, 2024

Summary

Cardiac strangulation is a rare complication of epicardial pacemakers. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this potentially lethal issue in children with congenital complete heart block.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Medical Device Complications

Background:

Epicardial pacemakers are used to manage congenital complete heart block (CCHB).

Keywords:

Cardiac strangulation Congenital heart disease Pacemaker

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Cardiac strangulation is a rare but serious complication associated with these devices.

Early detection and management are crucial for patient outcomes.