Prognostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Fifty-one consecutive patients with relapsed MM were enrolled in this retrospective study. ¹⁸F-FDG parameters based on the Italian Myeloma Criteria for PET Use (IMPeTUs) and clinical data were analyzed for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The Cox proportional risk model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for survival analysis. The median length of follow-up was 20 months (IQR, 5-29 months), the median PFS for the entire cohort was 8 months (IQR, 3-17 months) and the median OS was 21 months (IQR, 8-49 months). Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that the Deauville score of BM > 3 [HR 2.900, 95% CI (1.011, 8.319), P = 0.048] and the presence of EMD [HR 3.134, 95% CI (1.245, 7.891), P = 0.015] were independent predictors of poor PFS. The presence of EMD [HR 12.777, 95% CI (1.825, 89.461), P = 0.010] and the reduced platelets count [HR 7.948, 95% CI (1.236, 51.099), P = 0.029] were adversely associated with OS. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT parameters based on IMPeTUs have prognostic significance in patients with relapsed MM.