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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

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Enlarged Breast Size (Macromastia) and Associated Neurologic Risks: A Scoping Review.

Kristyn Spera Pocock1, Elizabeth Laikhter1, Brandy W Hardy1

  • 1From the Department of Neurology (K.S.P., S.K., B.L.N., R.E.W.), and Department of Plastic Surgery (E.L., L.R.D., A.J.K., I.P., B.C., M.D.), Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist; Wake Forest University School of Medicine (B.W.H., M.D.), Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Neurology (N.H.-H., J.M.P.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Headache Center, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (L.D.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond.

Neurology
|July 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Symptomatic macromastia (enlarged breasts) is linked to headaches in many women. Reduction mammoplasty may improve headaches, but research is limited, especially in neurology. Further study is needed to understand headache types and treatment responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Symptomatic Macromastia Research
  • Headache Disorders

Background:

  • Symptomatic macromastia (enlarged breasts) presents with various symptoms including persistent headaches.
  • Headache is a common preoperative complaint in women undergoing reduction mammoplasty (breast reduction surgery).
  • Many women report improvement in headaches after reduction mammoplasty, suggesting a link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on the relationship between macromastia and headache.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking enlarged breasts to headaches.
  • To identify knowledge gaps for future research, particularly for neurologists.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search in PubMed Medline using keywords related to breast hypertrophy, macromastia, headache, migraine, breast reduction, and reduction mammoplasty.
  • Included original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
  • Performed supplemental searches to understand potential pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified 25 studies (23 original research) involving 3,799 patients on macromastia-associated headache and reduction mammoplasty.
  • Reported wide ranges for preoperative headache prevalence (2%-89%) and postoperative improvement (34%-100%).
  • Highlighted potential mechanisms including structural, mechanical, psychosocial, and hormonal factors, with limited detail on headache classification.

Conclusions:

  • Research on macromastia-associated headache is predominantly published in Plastic Surgery journals, with no studies in Neurology.
  • This significant women's health issue is under-explored outside of plastic surgery.
  • Key questions remain regarding headache types in macromastia and their response to surgical intervention.