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Assessment of Vertical Force Generated with Single File Systems during Shaping of Constricted Root Canals
Abdulmohsen Alfadley1, Ahmed Jamleh2
1Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
European Journal of Dentistry
|July 16, 2024
Summary
Single file systems like OneShape and HyFlex EDM generate significant apical shaping forces, especially during later insertions. These forces were comparable to ProTaper Next, indicating potential differences in root canal preparation dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Endodontics
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomechanical Engineering
Background:
- Root canal preparation aims to clean and shape the root canal system.
- Single file systems offer efficiency but require understanding of their biomechanical properties.
- Shaping forces generated by endodontic files can influence procedural outcomes and instrument longevity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the vertical shaping forces generated by OneShape (OS) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM) single file systems.
- To evaluate these forces against the ProTaper Next (PTN) system during root canal preparation.
- To analyze apical and coronal force generation during simulated root canal shaping.
Main Methods:
- Maxillary premolars were shaped using OS, HEDM, or PTN to size 25.
- Consistent, gentle in-and-out movements were applied with three instrument insertions per canal.
- Vertical shaping forces were measured using a digital force gauge after each insertion.
- Irrigation with 1% NaOCl and recapitulation with a size 15 K-file were performed between insertions.
Main Results:
- The magnitude of vertical forces increased with successive instrument advancements.
- OneShape (OS) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM) generated apical forces ranging from 2.5 to 7.2 N and coronal forces from 1.3 to 2.9 N.
- ProTaper Next (PTN) produced significantly lower apical forces during the second and third insertions (p < 0.05).
- HyFlex EDM (HEDM) generated less coronal force than OS and PTN in the first insertion; OS showed the highest forces in later insertions (p < 0.05).
- No significant differences in shaping time were observed among the systems (p = 0.606).
Conclusions:
- Single file systems, including OS and HEDM, generate considerable apical shaping forces, particularly in later stages of preparation.
- The force profiles differ among the tested systems, with OS potentially exerting higher forces in later insertions.
- Understanding these force dynamics is crucial for optimizing root canal preparation techniques and ensuring procedural safety.
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