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Adulthood adiposity affects cardiac structure and function in later life.

Lamia Al Saikhan1, Nish Chaturvedi2, Arjun K Ghosh3,4

  • 1Department of Cardiac Technology, College of Applied Medial Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 2835 King Faisal Street, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary

Higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) throughout adulthood are linked to poorer heart structure and function. These adverse effects on cardiac health can persist even when accounting for later-life adiposity.

Keywords:
Adiposity gainAdult life courseCardiac functionCardiac structureLV diastolic functionLV massObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Excess adiposity is a known risk factor for cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) remodeling.
  • The long-term impact of adult adiposity on cardiac structure and function across the life course remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adult adiposity (BMI and WHR) and cardiac structure and function at age 60-64 years.
  • To determine if these associations are independent of adiposity in later life.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1690 participants in the National Survey of Health and Development birth cohort.
  • Repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were collected throughout adulthood.
  • Echocardiography assessed left ventricular (LV) mass, relative wall thickness, LV internal diameter in diastole, diastolic function (E/e', e', left atrial volume), and systolic function (ejection fraction, S', myocardial contraction fraction) at age 60-64 years.
  • Multivariable linear regression models were employed to analyze relationships, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Increased BMI from age 20 onwards was associated with greater LV mass and LV internal diameter in diastole, independent of confounders.
  • Associations between BMI and LV internal diameter in diastole remained independent of current BMI; LV mass associations persisted independently of BMI at ages 26, 43, and 53.
  • Higher BMI from age 20 onwards was linked to poorer diastolic function and increased left atrial volume, independent of confounders and persisting from age 26 after adjustment for BMI at 60-64 years.
  • Some systolic function associations were not independent of BMI at 60-64 years.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated adiposity throughout adulthood is associated with adverse cardiac structure and function.
  • Specific cardiac changes, particularly in left atrial volume, show persistence independent of adiposity in later life.