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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Serial Two-Photon Tomography of the Whole Marmoset Brain for Neuroanatomical Analyses

Serial Two-Photon Tomography of the Whole Marmoset Brain for Neuroanatomical Analyses

Published on: January 17, 2025

Hippocampal connectivity patterns echo macroscale cortical evolution in the primate brain.

Nicole Eichert¹, Jordan DeKraker², Amy F D Howard³

¹Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nicole.eichert@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.

Nature Communications

|July 16, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The human hippocampus shows overall structural conservation across primate evolution. However, functional organization has reconfigured, integrating the default-mode network in non-human primates.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Serial Two-Photon Tomography of the Whole Marmoset Brain for Neuroanatomical Analyses

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Published on: January 17, 2025

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Evolutionary Biology
Comparative Anatomy

Background:

The hippocampus is crucial for human cognition and considered evolutionarily preserved.
Understanding hippocampal organization across primate evolution is key to cognitive neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a comparative framework for quantifying hippocampal preservation and reconfiguration in primate evolution.
To analyze hippocampal organization as an unfolded cortical surface geometrically matched across species.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of hippocampal unfolded cortical surfaces.
Geometric matching of hippocampal structures across primate species.
Examination of macro- and micro-structural organization.

Main Results:

Overall conservation of hippocampal macro- and micro-structure observed in humans and macaques.
Identified anterior-posterior and subfield-related organizational axes in both species.
Functional organization followed an anterior-posterior axis, with significant reconfiguration in non-human primates, including rudimentary default-mode network integration.

Conclusions:

Microstructurally preserved regions like the hippocampus can undergo functional reconfiguration during primate evolution.
Functional reorganization is influenced by the embedding of these regions within heteromodal association networks.