Mitophagy-related regulated cell death: molecular mechanisms and disease implications

Molin Yang1, Xiang Wei1,2, Xin Yi3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Cell Death & Disease
|July 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mitophagy, a cellular process, is crucial for clearing damaged mitochondria and is linked to various forms of regulated cell death (RCD). Targeting mitophagy offers therapeutic potential for diseases linked to RCD.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress and damage if not cleared.
  • Mitophagy is vital for mitochondrial quality control, utilizing both ubiquitin-dependent and independent pathways.
  • Emerging evidence links mitophagy to diverse forms of regulated cell death (RCD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of mitophagy in various forms of regulated cell death (RCD).
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates RCD.
  • To discuss the implications of mitophagy-regulated RCD in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on mitophagy and RCD.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways connecting mitophagy and RCD.
  • Discussion of disease contexts involving mitophagy-regulated RCD.

Main Results:

  • Mitophagy plays a regulatory role in different forms of RCD.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms link mitophagy to RCD.
  • Mitophagy-regulated RCD is implicated in diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Conclusions:

  • Mitophagy is a key regulator of RCD, impacting cellular homeostasis.
  • Understanding mitophagy's role in RCD provides insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Targeting mitophagy for RCD modulation shows therapeutic promise for various diseases.

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.2K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.4K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.2K
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
4.2K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.4K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.7K