Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.4K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

150
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
150
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

260
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
260

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decision-making trades off learned and perceived information.

PNAS nexus·2026
Same author

Anxiety is Associated With Biases in Task Generalization.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same author

Prefrontal and Subcortical Value Representation during Explore-Exploit Decision-Making and Suicide Attempts.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Decision-making trades off learned and perceived information.

Research square·2025
Same author

How social norms emerge: The interindividual actor-critic.

Psychological review·2025
Same author

The Emotional Pendulum in ADHD: Insights From Ecological Momentary Assessment of Emotional States in Young Adults.

Behavior therapy·2025
Same journal

Prevalence and severity of mental health problems in early-career researchers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same journal

Representativeness and response validity across nine opt-in online samples.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same journal

The growing concentration of national influence in global science.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same journal

Political polarization in low- and middle-income countries.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same journal

Political segregation in the US workplace.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same journal

Potential mechanisms and functional significance of aperiodic neural activity.

Nature human behaviour·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

4.3K

Humans adaptively deploy forward and backward prediction.

Paul B Sharp1,2,3, Eran Eldar4,5

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. paul.sharp@mail.huji.ac.il.

Nature Human Behaviour
|July 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans adapt their prediction strategies based on the environment. They use backward prediction in diverging scenarios and forward prediction in converging ones for efficient decision-making.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
06:37

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

2.7K
Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation
08:04

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

4.3K
Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
06:37

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

2.7K
Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation
08:04

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision-Making
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Intelligent decision-making relies on forming predictions about the world.
  • The prevailing view assumes humans exclusively use forward predictions (present to future).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the assumption of solely forward prediction.
  • To investigate the adaptive deployment of backward prediction (future to present) in decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted six preregistered experiments with 1,299 participants.
  • Utilized simple decision-making and complex planning tasks.
  • Analyzed prediction strategies in divergent and convergent environments.

Main Results:

  • Humans employ backward prediction in divergent environments where future possibilities exceed present ones.
  • Humans utilize forward prediction in convergent environments.
  • Adaptive prediction strategy deployment was observed across tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Human prediction is not limited to forward models.
  • Individuals flexibly switch between forward and backward prediction based on environmental demands.
  • This adaptive strategy enhances the efficiency of decision-making and planning.