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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in Peritoneal Dialysis.

Javier Burgos Martín¹, Marina Almenara Tejederas¹, Fabiola Alonso García¹

¹Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.

Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis

|July 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is rare. In this case, XGP was diagnosed in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), highlighting the diagnostic challenges in PD patients with systemic inflammation.

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease Infectious disease Peritoneal dialysis Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Pathology

Background:

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, destructive inflammatory kidney disease often linked to infection and urinary obstruction.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients often have a systemic inflammatory state due to uremic toxins, cytokine dysregulation, and dialysis-related factors.

Observation:

A 74-year-old woman on PD for stage 5D chronic kidney disease presented with a 3-month history of progressive asthenia and elevated inflammatory markers.
Despite negative urine and peritoneal fluid cultures, imaging revealed bilateral staghorn calculi, right hydronephrosis, and cortical thinning, raising suspicion for XGP.

Findings:

A right nephrectomy was performed, and the anatomopathological study confirmed Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
The patient was transitioned to hemodialysis prior to surgery and showed significant clinical and analytical improvement post-operatively.

Implications:

The systemic inflammation and infection risk in PD patients can obscure the diagnosis of XGP.
This case represents the first reported instance of XGP in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis, emphasizing the need for heightened diagnostic vigilance.