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Open and closed-loop control systems

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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

High-precision high-speed nanopore ping-pong control system based on field programmable gate array.

Zhuang Mi^1,2, Xiaoyu Chen^1,2, Xinjia Zhao³

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular ping-pong control enhances single DNA molecule measurements using a high-speed nanopore system. This technology improves molecule capture rates by up to 100-fold, advancing nanopore sensing capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biophysics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Solid-state nanopore technology enables single-molecule analysis.
Repetitive measurements are crucial for robust biomolecular characterization.
Existing control strategies for nanopore measurements have limitations in speed and precision.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a high-precision, high-speed nanopore molecular ping-pong control system.
To improve the capture efficiency and control of single biomolecules within nanopores.
To provide a robust platform for advanced nanopore single-molecule sensing and manipulation.

Main Methods:

Construction of a home-built trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with high bandwidth (200 kHz) and low noise.
Implementation of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for rapid control signal processing (6.5 μs response time, 1 μs precision).
Development of a LabVIEW program for real-time monitoring, parameter adjustment, and data storage.

Main Results:

The TIA achieved a gain of 100 MΩ with low input-referred current noise.
The FPGA control system demonstrated a minimum response time of 6.5 μs and precision of 1 μs.
Successful recapture of DNA molecules at various time delays led to a capture rate improvement of up to 2 orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

The developed molecular ping-pong system offers unprecedented control precision and capture efficiency for nanopore sensing.
This technology significantly enhances the ability to perform repetitive measurements on single biomolecules.
The system opens new research avenues in single-molecule sensing, manipulation, and analysis using nanopores.