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Updated: Jun 20, 2025
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The dynamic feasibility of resisting (R), accepting (A), or directing (D) ecological change.
Amanda E Cravens1, Katherine R Clifford2, Corrine Knapp3
1Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Summary
Climate change challenges land management. The resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework
Area of Science:
- Ecological transformations
- Climate change adaptation
- Land management
Background:
- Climate change necessitates new land management strategies.
- Traditional approaches are challenged by ecological shifts.
- The resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework offers a structured response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the evolving feasibility of RAD strategies over time.
- To analyze social feasibility dimensions: regulatory, financial, public, and organizational.
- To theorize on the long-term application of RAD in dynamic environments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and analysis of existing examples.
- Exploration of social feasibility across four dimensions.
- Speculative analysis due to scarce empirical evidence.
Main Results:
- Resist strategies are expected to decrease in feasibility over time.
- Accept and direct strategies are anticipated to become more viable.
- Feasibility is influenced by ecological, regulatory, financial, and public factors.
Conclusions:
- Considering multiple feasibility types and time horizons is crucial for effective RAD implementation.
- Adaptive management strategies must align with both social and ecological change trajectories.
- Long-term decision-making enhances the strategic combination of RAD approaches.
Keywords:
adaptación climáticaclimate adaptationcultura de organizaciónecological transformationfinancial constraintsmarco resistir‐aceptar‐dirigiropinión públicaorganizational culturepublic opinionregulacionesregulationsresist–accept–direct frameworkrestricciones económicasretroalimentación socio‐ecológicasocial–ecological feedbackstransformación ecológica
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