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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Numb-associated kinases regulate sandfly-borne Toscana virus entry.

Yarden Moalem1, Rodolfo Katz1, Anand G Subramaniam2

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Emerging Microbes & Infections
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Toscana virus (TOSV) entry into cells is regulated by adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) and cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK). Inhibiting these kinases with existing drugs significantly reduces TOSV infection, suggesting new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
BunyavirusesPhlebovirusesSandflyToscana virusviral entry

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly-borne phlebovirus, is endemic in Europe and North Africa.
  • TOSV causes mild febrile illness but is neurovirulent, contributing to summer meningitis.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding molecular mechanisms and host factors in phlebovirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the early stages of Toscana virus infection.
  • To identify host factors involved in TOSV entry.
  • To evaluate potential therapeutic targets for TOSV and related phleboviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated early steps of TOSV infection.
  • Identified host kinases regulating TOSV entry using molecular biology techniques.
  • Tested FDA-approved kinase inhibitors for antiviral activity against TOSV.

Main Results:

  • Adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) and cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) were identified as key regulators of TOSV entry.
  • Inhibitors targeting AAK1 and GAK demonstrated significant inhibition of TOSV infection.
  • These findings highlight the role of Numb-associated kinases in TOSV pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • AAK1 and GAK are crucial host factors for early TOSV infection.
  • Targeting AAK1 and GAK with existing drugs offers a potential therapeutic strategy.
  • This study provides a foundation for developing treatments against TOSV and other phleboviruses.