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Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in COVID-19 Pandemic Worries
Christina W Hoven1,2, Anna Krasnova1,2, Michaeline Bresnahan1,2
1Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University-New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|July 17, 2024
Summary
During COVID-19, lower-income and minority groups experienced more economic and violence worries. Other concerns showed minimal differences based on income or race/ethnicity, highlighting disparities in pandemic-related anxieties.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Health Disparities Research
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated existing racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic health disparities.
- This study investigates if these disparities also influence the nature of individuals' worries during the pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if race/ethnicity and household income are associated with specific categories of worry during the early COVID-19 pandemic.
- To analyze the content of worries across different demographic groups.
Main Methods:
- Surveyed 1,222 participants from three New York City (NYC) cohorts via telephone interviews (March-September 2020).
- Assessed worries using 37 dichotomous items; exploratory factor analysis identified ten worry categories.
- Generalized linear mixed models analyzed factor scores for associations with race/ethnicity and income, controlling for covariates.
Main Results:
- Prevalent worries included U.S./world politics, American values, health, and return to normalcy.
- Higher income correlated with less worry about economic needs, employment, and violence/victimization.
- Asian, Hispanic, Black, and multiracial/other race/ethnicity groups reported significantly higher worries about violence/victimization.
Conclusions:
- Lower-income and minority racial/ethnic groups faced disproportionately higher economic and violence/victimization worries early in the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Variations in other worry categories by income or race/ethnicity were less pronounced.
- Findings underscore the unequal burden of pandemic-related anxieties across diverse socioeconomic and racial/ethnic strata.
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