Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

696
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
696
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

977
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
977
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

990
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
990
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

562
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
562

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PRR enhances anti-tumor immunity and suppresses colitis by promoting the development and survival of naive T and iNKT cells.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Bartholin's Gland: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Stress-induced glucocorticoids enhance acute inflammation by promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

The transcription factor RORα is required for the development of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in adult bone marrow.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2025
Same author

A feedback amplifier circuit with Notch and E2A orchestrates T-cell fate and suppresses the innate lymphoid cell lineages during thymic ontogeny.

Genes & development·2025
Same author

Regulation of lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias through regnase-1/3-mediated control of Nfkbiz.

Blood·2023
Same journal

Peptidomics in the Spotlight: Advanced Sample Treatment Techniques and Analytical Insights.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Methods for the Investigation of Protein-Ligands Interactions.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Sample Preparation Strategies for Microbial Cell Surface Proteomics: Integrating Shaving and Shotgun Approaches.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Proteomic Sample Preparation for the Petroleum Industry: A Biocorrosion Case Study.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Proteomic and Functional Comparison of Extracellular Vesicles from Wild-Type and Lyn-Deficient Stromal Cells.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Proteomic Analysis of Histone Sequence Variants and Post-translationally Modified Forms.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.2K

The Function of E2A in B-Cell Development.

Masaki Miyazaki1, Kazuko Miyazaki2

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. mmiyazaki@infront.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

E2A transcription factors are crucial for B-cell development, orchestrating gene expression by forming super-enhancers. This process involves recruiting key proteins to regulate chromatin structure and gene activation.

Keywords:
Adaptive lymphocyteB-cell developmentBasic-helix-loop-helix transcription factorE2AEnhancer regulationRag1 and Rag2 expression

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
08:25

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

15.6K
Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms
09:41

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms

Published on: July 26, 2024

717

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.2K
Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
08:25

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

15.6K
Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms
09:41

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms

Published on: July 26, 2024

717

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors regulate enhancer activity critical for cellular differentiation.
  • E2A, an E-protein, is vital for hematopoiesis and adaptive lymphocyte development, particularly B-cell lineage progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of E2A in B-cell development.
  • To investigate E2A's role in shaping the enhancer landscape by recruiting specific protein complexes.
  • To demonstrate how E2A drives the formation of super-enhancers at the Rag1/2 gene locus.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on E2A's role in B-cell development.
  • Analysis of E2A-mediated recruitment of EP300/KAT3B, chromatin remodelers, mediator, cohesin, and TET proteins.
  • Investigation of chromatin conformation changes within the Rag gene locus.

Main Results:

  • E2A establishes the enhancer landscape essential for B-cell development.
  • E2A recruits a complex of proteins including EP300/KAT3B, chromatin remodelers, mediator, cohesin, and TET proteins.
  • E2A orchestrates Rag1/2 gene super-enhancer formation by altering chromatin conformation.

Conclusions:

  • E2A is a key regulator of B-cell development through enhancer activity modulation.
  • E2A's recruitment of specific protein complexes is critical for establishing regulatory elements.
  • E2A plays a central role in chromatin remodeling and super-enhancer formation at the Rag1/2 locus, impacting lymphocyte development.