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Pregnancy and Parenthood Among US Surgical Residents.

Ruojia Debbie Li^1,2, Lauren M Janczewski^1,2, Joshua S Eng¹

¹Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.

|July 17, 2024

Summary

Female general surgery residents face higher rates of mistreatment and obstetric complications during pregnancy and parenthood compared to male residents. These factors contribute to burnout and attrition, highlighting the need for systemic changes to support gender equity in medicine.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Gender Equity
Surgical Residency

Background:

Family planning is crucial for gender equity, but procedural specialties present unique occupational risks to pregnancy.
General surgery, as the largest procedural specialty, offers insights into family planning, parental support, and their impact on the surgical workforce.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate pregnancy and parenthood experiences among US general surgical residents.
To analyze mistreatment, obstetric outcomes, and well-being in this cohort.

Main Methods:

A national cross-sectional survey of general surgery residents accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
Data collected on pregnancy/parenthood experiences, mistreatment, obstetric outcomes, and well-being (burnout, attrition, suicidality).

Main Results:

Female residents reported higher rates of delayed childbearing and pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment compared to male residents.
Female residents experienced more obstetric complications and postpartum depression than partners of male residents.
Mistreatment and postpartum depression were significantly associated with increased burnout, attrition, and suicidality.

Conclusions:

Pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment, obstetric complications, and postpartum depression disproportionately affect female residents, contributing to gendered attrition in surgery.
Systemic changes are essential to safeguard maternal-fetal health and promote gender equity in procedural medical fields.