Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

321
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
321
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

1.5K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
1.5K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.8K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

1.5K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitochondrial integrated stress response activation creates a therapeutic vulnerability to MCL-1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Author Correction: cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell fate.

Nature·2026
Same author

Control of naive T cell reactivity and peripheral tolerance by ascorbate and TET activity.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Large-scale, spatially resolved panoramic CRISPR screening in native tissue environments using Perturb-DBiT.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

UCTLFANet: a low-rank fine-tuning model for microalgae image segmentation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Deciphering resistance mechanisms to auxin-inducible protein degradation in mammalian cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.5K

Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids.

Mary H Patton1, Kristen T Thomas1, Ildar T Bayazitov1

  • 1Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Cell Reports
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Human brain organoids form connections and show synaptic plasticity, offering a new model for studying learning and memory mechanisms in humans.

Keywords:
CP: NeuroscienceLTDLTPbrain organoidcortical organoidhiPSCsynaptic plasticitysynaptic transmissionthalamic organoidthalamocortical

More Related Videos

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

351
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.5K
Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

351
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Human Organoid Models

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), is crucial for learning and memory.
  • Existing human models for studying synaptic plasticity are limited.
  • The thalamocortical system plays a key role in cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a human organoid model of the thalamocortical system.
  • To investigate synaptic plasticity in human brain circuits.
  • To compare human synaptic plasticity mechanisms with those in animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids to create thalamocortical assembloids.
  • Utilizing single-nucleus RNA sequencing to characterize cell types.
  • Employing whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and two-photon imaging to analyze synaptic function.
  • Applying light and electron microscopy to visualize neural projections and synapses.

Main Results:

  • Thalamocortical assembloids exhibited reciprocal long-range axonal projections and functional synapses.
  • Glutamatergic synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity were observed, analogous to animal models.
  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) were successfully induced, though with distinct mechanisms compared to rodents.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamocortical assembloids represent a viable human model system for studying synaptic plasticity.
  • This model allows for the investigation of human-specific mechanisms underlying learning and memory.
  • The findings provide a foundation for future research into neurological disorders affecting synaptic function.