Spatial-resolved and self-calibrated 3D-printed photoelectrochemical biosensor engineered by multifunctional CeO₂/CdS...

Area of Science:

• * Nanomaterials Science
• * Electrochemistry
• * Biosensor Technology

Background:

• * Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a significant cancer biomarker.
• * Existing detection methods often lack sensitivity and portability.
• * Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors offer potential for sensitive analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To develop a spatial-resolved and self-calibrated PEC biosensor for CEA detection.
• * To utilize a multifunctional CeO2/CdS heterostructure for enhanced PEC performance.
• * To integrate the biosensor with a 3D-printed device for portability.

Main Methods:

• * Fabrication of a CeO2/CdS heterostructure with optimized CeO2 morphology (nano-cubes).
• * Construction of dual-channel photoelectrodes on a 3D-printed platform.
• * Employing a sandwich-type immunocomplex assay involving GOx-AuNPs and CEA.
• * Utilizing CeO2 as a peroxidase mimetic nanozyme for signal amplification and self-calibration via photocurrent ratio.

Main Results:

• * The CeO2/CdS heterostructure exhibited improved PEC response.
• * CeO2 nano-cubes demonstrated optimal peroxidase-like catalytic activity.
• * The biosensor achieved a low detection limit of 0.057 ng mL⁻¹ for CEA.
• * Self-calibration effectively normalized external fluctuations, enhancing accuracy.

Conclusions:

• * The developed PEC biosensor offers a portable and highly sensitive platform for CEA detection.
• * The combination of CeO2/CdS heterostructure and 3D printing enables robust immunoassay.
• * This technology shows promise for clinical applications in complex environments.